Capital One
“Capital One spent 25 years revolutionizing credit cards with data and technology, building one of the most sophisticated credit risk engines in banking and accumulating genuine regulatory capital moats that take decades to replicate. The beautiful irony is that all that machine learning expertise — the thing that made them different — is now table stakes, while the boring stuff they used to minimize (FDIC insurance, regulatory licenses, physical branch infrastructure) turns out to be exactly what AI can't eat.”